(VLTROs) conducted by the Eurosystem in December 2011 and February 2012 for the case of Spain. To do so we use bank-firm level …-sheet strength and by including bank fixed effects. Our findings suggest that the VLTROs had a positive moderately-sized effect on … the supply of bank credit to firms, providing evidence of a bank lending channel in the context of unconventional monetary …

While banks may change their credit supply due to bank balance-sheet shocks (the local lending channel), firms can … dynamics nullify the strong local (bank-level) lending channel of securitization on credit quantity for firms with multiple … expansion on the extensive margin towards first-time bank clients, which are more likely to default. Finally, the 2008 …

resultant credit restriction by turning to other banks. Importantly the bank-lending channel is notably stronger when we account …