Spain has had a serious structural unemployment problem for the last 20 years. This paper argues that the interaction of firing costs and job-to-job flows added to changes in unemployment benefits, could provide an explanation for equilibrium unemployment increasing, since 1984. First, we...

This paper considers estimation and inference in panel vector autoregressions with fixed effects when the time dimension of the panel is finite, and the cross-sectional dimension is large. A Maximum Likelihood estimator based on a transformed likelihood function is proposed and shown to be...