intensive use of this employment type. Our results also show that increases in competition lead to productivity improvements … of competition in the services sector may be preventing firms to increase specialization while outsourcing non …

models spatial price competition between bank branches jointly with banks’ decisions on the opening or closing of branches … distance between bank branches and bank customers; and iii) shows how the intensity of market competition may be unaffected …, the paper i) uses a new measure of bank productivity; ii) provides a productivity differences-based explanation of the …