Bover, Olympia; García-Perea, Pilar; Portugal, Pedro - Banco de Portugal - 1998
Spain faces the highest unemployment rate among the European Union countries (22.2%), and Portugal one of the lowest (7 … unemployment benefits (non-existent in Portugal until 1985, and less generous nowadays, with the replacement ratio as a percentage … of much lower wage level in Portugal), differences in wage flexibility (minimum wages by category established by …