How should monetary policy respond to changes in financial conditions? In this paper we consider a simple model where firms are subject to idiosyncratic shocks which may force them to default on their debt. Firms’ assets and liabilities are denominated in nominal terms and predetermined when...

We show that the Friedman rule is optimal in the standard transactions techology monetary model whether the alternative fiscal instrument is a consumption tax, an income tax, or both, and whether taxes are paid with money or not. These results are at odds with recent literature. We show that an...