, affect the likelihood to become criminal, although with differential importance by type of crime. …

Based on individual data on the population of those arrested in Medellín, we assess whether the change in punishment at …. This implies an elasticity of arrests with respect to punishment that varies between -1.0 and -6.7 percent. The number of … than before, reaching 18 years of age, in which case they are less likely to recidivate in any type of crime. The change in …

high crime rates at the moment the children of their teen mothers become teenagers, are more likely to have higher homicide … rates in the future, when those children reach their peak crime ages, estimated to be between 18 to 26 years old in violent …

We use hedonic price models to estimate the value households are willing to pay to avoid violent crime in the city of …