Affirmative-action policies bias tournament rules in order to provide equal opportunities to a group of competitors who … individual performance, and that the selected pool of tournament winners may be inefficient. In this paper, we study the … empirical validity of such claims in a real-effort pair-wise tournament between children from two similar schools who …

We investigate whether the gender composition of teams affect their economic performance. We study a large business …, one involving undergraduates and the other involving MBAs. Our analysis shows that teams formed by three women are … distribution, we find that for undergraduates, three women teams are outperformed throughout, but by as much as 10pp at the bottom …