subsidies on export activities we find no impact of subsidies on the probability to start exporting, and only weak evidence for … an impact of subsidies on the share of exports in total sales in West Germany but no evidence in East Germany. …We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate …

document the first empirical results on the relationship between imports and productivity for Germany, a leading actor on the … for trading internationally are about the same in West and East Germany. Compared to firms that do not trade at all two …-way traders do have the highest premia, followed by firms that only export, while firms that only import have the smallest …

This paper investigates four cohorts of firms from German manufacturing industries that started to export in the years … between 1998 and 2002 and follows them over the five years after the start. Export starters are a rare species and they are … contributed by export starters of a cohort is tiny in the start year, and it remains so over the years to follow, although those …

workforce sheds new light on the role of highly qualified employees for success on export markets that is not revealed by the …

over other exporters into the Chinese market. While there is evidence of decreased export bundle concentration and movement …

the government incentive to impact on entry costs, and how entry subsidies can be used strategically in open economies. We … the monopoly pricing distortion. In the autarky equilibrium these subsidies trigger entry, but they eventually do not lead … to more but to better firms in the market. In the open economy there is another, strategic motive for entry subsidies as …

; distinguish spillovers from export-oriented vs domestic-market-oriented FDI; and allow for differing effects, depending on … domestic firms' export activities. The results suggest that the mechanisms through which spillovers affect domestic firms are …