-looking monetary policy decisions. The bias is higher for countries whose monetary policy was more independent of Germany … rates on real output growth for several European countries, using German interest rates as the instrument. We show that the … growth consequences of monetary policy interventions. We present instrumental variables estimates of the impact of interest …

The global financial crisis hit Denmark hard, and the recovery has been slow and unsteady. Denmark’s slow growth … surplus, largely reflecting weak domestic demand since the crisis and strong net income. Monetary policy is based on …

In light of the multilateral effort to ensure the adequacy of the financial resources available to the International …

These Technical Notes on France explain integration of global financial markets. The stress tests for the France … point to a smaller reaction to monetary policy in France than in other large euro-area economies … constraints of the approach. Retail activity by foreign banks in France is small, but significant. The financial landscape in …

favorable. This upbeat outlook is underpinned by buoyant activity indicators and a supportive policy mix. High household and …

-income countries (LICs). The new agreements and augmentations of existing agreements that have been finalized are from Belgium, Brazil …, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Together, these agreements provide a total of …

This note provides a report on the Observance of Standards and Codes in France, and provides updates on the … transparency in monetary and financial policies. The framework for supervision and regulation applicable to a specific group of …

This paper takes stock of unconventional monetary policies (UMP) and their impact so far, and looks ahead towards exit … and prospects for policy coordination. It synthesizes earlier staff work on UMP,1 the findings of a substantial and …

fiscal policy influences financial variables, and that growing internationalization has increased the sensitivity of … financial conditions to fiscal policy. The core of the argument is that fiscal policy influences exchange rates, particularly to … the extent that it affects the expected after-tax returns on capital located in different countries, and that the …