The paper uses cross-country regression analysis to assess health effects of structural adjustment reforms in developing countries over the period 1980-93, controlling for effectiveness in their implementation.

The purpose of this regional study is to explain the socio-economic processes of restructuring, causes and consequences which have arisen in rural Kerelian Republic in northwestern Russia.

This paper seeks to explain, why Russian (and CIS) economic transformation was neither a shock therapy nor a gradual transition case, but instead followed a sort of middle-ground inconsistent shock therapy path.