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Specialty drug prices and utilization after loss of U.S. patent exclusivity, 2001-2007
Conti, Rena M.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
estimated prices of these drug undergoing LOE fall with generic entry. Second, we estimate reduced form random effects models of … utilization subsequent to LOE. We observe substantial price erosion after generic entry; average monthly price declines appear to … entry, but this result appears to be largely driven by oral drugs. We discuss second-best welfare consequences of these …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950850
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The Effect of FDA Advisories on Branded Pharmaceutical Firms' Valuations and Promotion Efforts
Conti, Rena M.; Huskamp, Haiden A.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expends considerable efforts in regulating medications approved for use. Yet the impact of medication labeling changes on brand pharmaceutical products, and whether and what firms do to respond to increased information regarding the safety and efficacy...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009325511
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Pricing and Reimbursement in U.S. Pharmaceutical Markets
Berndt, Ernst R.; Newhouse, Joseph P. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
comment on very recent developments concerning the entry of large retailers such as Wal-Mart into domains traditionally …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008531891
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Brand Loyalty, Generic Entry and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals in the Quarter Century After the 1984 Waxman-Hatch Legislation
Berndt, Ernst R.; Aitken, Murray L. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
following initial generic entry and by 24 months to 65, in 2009 the comparable generic price indexes are 68 and 27, respectively … patent has expired. Across all nine therapeutic areas, at 24 months post-generic entry, the weighted mean reduction in …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008682661
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Costs, Institutional Mobility Barriers, and Market Structure: Advertising Agencies as Multiproduct Firms
Silk, Alvin J.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1994
low fixed costs and minimal entry barriers, both media-specific scale and scope economies are available and can be …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005248932
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Inspection Technology, Detection and Compliance: Evidence from Florida Restaurant Inspections
Lee, Jungmin; Jin, Ginger Zhe - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
In this article, we show that a small innovation in inspection technology can make substantial differences in inspection outcomes. For restaurant hygiene inspections, the state of Florida has introduced a handheld electronic device, the portable digital assistant (PDA), which reminds inspectors...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951300
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Gaming in Air Pollution Data? Lessons from China
Chen, Yuyu; Jin, Ginger Zhe; Kumar, Naresh; Shi, Guang - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
Protecting the environment during economic growth is a challenge facing every country. This paper focuses on two regulatory measures that China has adopted to incentivize air quality improvement: publishing a daily air pollution index (API) for major cities since 2000 and linking the API to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951438
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Counterfeit or Substandard? Assessing Price and Non-Price Signals of Drug Quality
Bate, Roger; Jin, Ginger Zhe; Mathur, Aparna - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
Pharmaceutical products can be of poor quality either because they contain zero correct active ingredient (referred to as "counterfeit") or because they contain a non-zero but incorrect amount of the right active ingredient (referred to as "substandard"). While both types of poor-quality drugs...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011271366
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Assessing the Impacts of the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) on the FDA Approval Process
Philipson, Tomas; Berndt, Ernst R.; Gottschalk, Adrian H. B. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2004
Congress enacted and renewed the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) in 1992, and renewed it in 1997 and 2002, mandating FDA performance goals in reviewing and acting on drug applications within specified time periods. In turn, the FDA was permitted to levy user fees on drug sponsors...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005084928
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Characterizing Markets for Biopharmaceutical Innovations: Do Biologics Differ from Small Molecules?
Trusheim, Mark; Aitken, Murray L.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
Much has been written about the seemingly less formal, more agile biotechnology industry and its extensive interactions with academia and startups, as well as its distinct scientific, manufacturing and regulatory profile. Employing a data base encompassing all 96 biologics and 212 small...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008635919