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Water Quality Violations and Avoidance Behavior: Evidence from Bottled Water Consumption

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Schlenker, Wolfram; Neidell, Matthew - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011

In this paper, we examine the impact of poor water quality on avoidance behavior by estimating the change in bottled water purchases in response to drinking water violations. Using data from a national grocery chain matched with water quality violations, we find an increase in bottled water...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008788760

Specialty drug prices and utilization after loss of U.S. patent exclusivity, 2001-2007

Conti, Rena M.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014

estimated prices of these drug undergoing LOE fall with generic entry. Second, we estimate reduced form random effects models of … utilization subsequent to LOE. We observe substantial price erosion after generic entry; average monthly price declines appear to … entry, but this result appears to be largely driven by oral drugs. We discuss second-best welfare consequences of these …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950850

The Effect of FDA Advisories on Branded Pharmaceutical Firms' Valuations and Promotion Efforts

Conti, Rena M.; Huskamp, Haiden A.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expends considerable efforts in regulating medications approved for use. Yet the impact of medication labeling changes on brand pharmaceutical products, and whether and what firms do to respond to increased information regarding the safety and efficacy...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009325511

Pricing and Reimbursement in U.S. Pharmaceutical Markets

Berndt, Ernst R.; Newhouse, Joseph P. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010

comment on very recent developments concerning the entry of large retailers such as Wal-Mart into domains traditionally …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008531891

Brand Loyalty, Generic Entry and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals in the Quarter Century After the 1984 Waxman-Hatch Legislation

Berndt, Ernst R.; Aitken, Murray L. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010

following initial generic entry and by 24 months to 65, in 2009 the comparable generic price indexes are 68 and 27, respectively … patent has expired. Across all nine therapeutic areas, at 24 months post-generic entry, the weighted mean reduction in …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008682661

Equilibrium effects of public goods: The impact of community water fluoridation on dentists

Ho, Kate; Neidell, Matthew - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009

In this paper we consider how the dental industry responded to the addition of fluoride to public drinking water. We take advantage of the staggered introduction of fluoridation throughout the country to analyze the changes in numbers of within-county dentists relative to physicians in the years...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005025637

Environment, Health, and Human Capital

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Neidell, Matthew - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013

In this review, we discuss three major contributions economists have made to our understanding of the relationship between the environment and individual well-being. First, in explicitly recognizing how optimizing behavior, particularly in the form of residential sorting, can lead to non-random...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010796732

Costs, Institutional Mobility Barriers, and Market Structure: Advertising Agencies as Multiproduct Firms

Silk, Alvin J.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1994

low fixed costs and minimal entry barriers, both media-specific scale and scope economies are available and can be …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005248932

Assessing the Impacts of the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) on the FDA Approval Process

Philipson, Tomas; Berndt, Ernst R.; Gottschalk, Adrian H. B. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2004

Congress enacted and renewed the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) in 1992, and renewed it in 1997 and 2002, mandating FDA performance goals in reviewing and acting on drug applications within specified time periods. In turn, the FDA was permitted to levy user fees on drug sponsors...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005084928

Characterizing Markets for Biopharmaceutical Innovations: Do Biologics Differ from Small Molecules?

Trusheim, Mark; Aitken, Murray L.; Berndt, Ernst R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010

Much has been written about the seemingly less formal, more agile biotechnology industry and its extensive interactions with academia and startups, as well as its distinct scientific, manufacturing and regulatory profile. Employing a data base encompassing all 96 biologics and 212 small...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008635919