tests for contagion (i.e., an intensification in the transmission of shocks across countries), fragmentation (a reduction in … substantial fragmentation from 2010 onward. Flight to quality was present at the height of the crisis, but has largely dissipated … in yields following the OMT announcement, the high current degree of fragmentation poses difficult challenges for policy …

both of these effects are present and analyzes the effects of increased fragmentation and offshoring in the short run and … always gains from increased fragmentation , whereas poor countries see their static gains partially eroded by a decline in …

's initial level of domestic political fragmentation. We emphasize the role of the 'Military Revolution', which raised the cost …

paper evaluates the impact of dark trading and fragmentation in visible order books on liquidity. We consider global … traditional market only. We find that fragmentation in visible order books improves global liquidity, whereas dark trading has a … detrimental effect. In addition, local liquidity is lowered by fragmentation in visible order books, which suggests that the …

, fragmentation, and volatility as key measures of aid quality and discusses their implication for the coordination and effectiveness …

Language alone can no longer be the basis for division of states. Issues such as size, governance, economic viability …

paper, we adapt a general model of fragmentation of production activities to try to capture the specific features of …

of trade are higher with fragmentation for most countries but interestingly, for a large block of countries, these … variables fall following fragmentation. Countries with moderate trade costs engage in market-oriented assembly, while those with … trade accelerate as trade costs go to zero with and without fragmentation. …