We compare two approaches to analyzing the effects of immigration on the labor market and find that the estimated … effect of immigration on U.S. native labor outcomes depends critically on the empirical experiment used. Area analyses … contrast the level or change in immigration by area with the level or change in the outcomes of non- immigrant workers. Factor …

imports in the U.S. economy to these trends. Our empirical evidence indicates that both trade and immigration augmented the … immigration increased the effective supply of high school dropouts by 28 percent for men and 31 percent for women. We estimate … school dropouts between 1980 and 1988 can be attributed to the trade and immigration flows. In addition, our analysis …