innovation activities. The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities. As the economy … investments, but little selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to an innovation-based strategy with …

frontier. In vertically integrated firms, owners (managers) have to spend time both on production and innovation activities …, and this creates managerial overload, and discourages innovation. Outsourcing of some production activities mitigates the … frontier, the value of innovation increases, encouraging outsourcing. …

these predictions using plant-level data for the UK manufacturing sector. Most importantly, and consistent with theory, we … the likelihood of vertical integration. Also consistent with theory, both these effects are stronger when the supplying …