This Paper surveys the economic literature on the impact of trade unions on innovation. There are many theoretical … routes through which unions may have an effect on innovation, for example through their effects on relative factor prices …&D, innovation, technological diffusion and productivity growth. North American results find consistently strong and negative impacts …

Successful innovation depends on the development and integration of new knowledge in the innovation process. In order … to innovate successfully, the firm will combine different innovation activities. In addition to doing own research and … innovation activities. Using data from the Community Innovation Survey on Belgian manufacturing firms, we show that firms that …

may even reduce welfare. The reason is that it crowds our proprietary innovation, which on net may reduce total innovation …

countries (LDCs). It starts by discussing the consequences of IP enforcement in LDCs for global innovation and welfare in poorer …

dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both .carbon taxes. and research subsidies, so that excessive … the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values …

environmental regulations can spur more rapid innovation. I present a general framework for the analysis of these questions. I …

Patent Offices to track inventors' locations over time and combine it with international effective top tax rate data. We … others, measures of patent quality and technological fit with each potential destination. We find that superstar top 1 …

A large portion of innovators do not patent their inventions. This is a relative puzzle since innovators are often … and can account for the differences across sectors in the propensity to patent. Surprisingly, in general, the protection …