innovation. We exploit the observed pattern of contributions - the 'revealed preference' of developers - to infer the underlying …

This paper addresses the timing and interdependence between innovation and environmental policy in a model of research … and development (R&D). On a first-best path the environmental tax is set at the Pigouvian level, independent of innovation …. However, with finite patent lifetime, optimal innovation policy depends on the stage of the environmental problem. In the …

-focused patents are the socially efficient way to reward innovation, and also show when very short-lived but very broad patents are …

margin innovation decision (i.e. whether to conduct innovation) from the intensive margin decision (i.e. how much to innovate … innovation towards REN and away from FF technologies. Yet, we find that these factors have a larger impact on closing the … technology gap through the entry (and exit) of small specialized firms, rather than through large mixed firms' innovation. An …

sectors (inter-sectoral spillovers), or at the international level. We find that innovation is strongly driven by knowledge … spillovers, especially those occurring at the national level. Wind and solar technologies exhibit distinct innovation … only influential in the case of wind technology. We also find evidence that public R&D stimulates innovation, particularly …

produced at least one major innovation at any time in the United Kingdom from 1945–82. Both datasets yield the same conclusion …