We examine global dynamics under learning in New Keynesian models with price level targeting that is subject to the zero lower bound. The role of forward guidance is analyzed under transparency about the policy rule. Properties of transparent and non-transparent regimes are compared to each...

We consider a simple general equilibrium model for the determination of asset prices together with full equilibria in the commodity and money markets. In this way portfolio aspects are introduced into a dynamic macro model which has many features from growth theory. Money holdings are modelled...

Recent models of monetary policy have analyzed the desirability of di?erent optimal and ad hoc interest rules under the restrictive assumption that forecasts of the private sector and the central bank are homogenous. This paper studies the implications of heterogeneity in forecasting by the...

Recent models of monetary policy can have indeterminacy of equilibria, which is often viewed as a di±culty of these models. We consider the significance of indeterminacy using the learning approach to expectations formation. We employ expectational stability as a selection criterion for...

Honkapohja and Mitra (2003) have analyzed the desirability of optimal and ad hoc interest rules in monetary policy when the forecasts of the private sector and the central bank are heterogenous but information is symmetric. Here we analyze the case of asymmetric information in which one party...

An economy exhibits structural heterogeneity when the forecasts of di?erent agents have different effects on the determination of aggregate variables. We study the important case of economies in which agents’ behavior depends on forecasts of aggregate variables and show how di?erent forms of...