’s corruption levels. Examining a large sample of countries covering a 20-year long period, we found robust empirical support for … the fact that increases in import openness do indeed cause reductions in corruption, a crucial aspect of governance. The … corruption is close to one third of that exercised by the level of development. Some cautious policy conclusions are derived. …

We study the dynamics of corruption relying on two fundamental observations: (a) Given agents detected as corrupt are … typically fired and replaced, the historical levels of corruption have an impact on current corruption through the distribution … of corruption costs of old agents; (b) Institutions negatively affected by their agents' corrupt activities are likely to …

This paper investigates the effect of corruption on competition in government procurement auctions. Our assumption is … corruption is to facilitate collusion in price between firms. This can result in high public spending and inefficient allocation … which unilateral anti-corruption controls may restore price competition. …

level lower than the announced. We compute the equilibrium level of corruption and we study the impact on corruption of the … competition in the market for procurement agents. We identify the effects that influence the equilibrium level of corruption and … show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, corruption may well be increasing in competition. …

We study the emergence and interaction of red tape and corruption in a principal-bureaucrat-agent hierarchy. The … the social optimum if the bureaucrat in charge of red tape is corrupt. We consider two types of corruption. First, the … bribes to conceal the information produced through red tape. The former kind of corruption tends to reduce red tape, while …

enforcers - on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions such as corruption, manager-auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is …

and decreasing in officials' corruption. In contrast to the "tollbooth view" of regulation, the standard chosen by a self …-interested government is a non-monotonic function of officials' corruption, and can be either lower or higher than that chosen by a …-capita income, and negatively with corruption, consistently with the model's predictions for benevolent governments …

percentage points. This reduction was driven entirely by irregularities involving mismanagement or corruption. In contrast, we …

proposal to legalize paying bribes while increasing fines on accepting bribes. We explore performance as regards corruption … enforcement agencies, and discuss the relevance for fighting other forms of corruption. …