resilience is depicted in two conceptually independent ways: (i) the tendency of exogenous variations in unemployment to become … perpetuated and (ii) the possibility that such swings may give rise to a wage-unemployment ratchet. In this manner, the analysis … attempts to provide an explanation of why unemployment rates in Europe and the United States have displayed an upward trend …

model, covering a panel of EU countries, and derives the implied long-run inflation-unemployment tradeoff. Our results …