fiscal convergence criteria written into the Treaty of Maastricht and its Protocols. In order to qualify for full membership …

-country differences in inequality permanent, or gradually narrowing? Equivalently, is there convergence not just in the first moment of … individual income (GDP per capita), but convergence in distribution? …

After arguing that the concepts of b-convergence and s-convergence are independently interesting, this paper extends … the empirical evidence on regional growth and convergence across the United States, Japan, and five European nations. We … confirm that the estimated speeds of convergence are surprisingly similar across data sets: regions tend to converge at a …

The concepts of s-convergence, absolute b-convergence and conditional b-convergence are discussed in this paper. The …. Except for the large cross section of countries, all data sets display strong evidence of s-convergence and absolute b-convergence …. The cross section of countries exhibits s-divergence and conditional b-convergence. The speed of conditional convergence …