affecting the quantity and quality of employment on the demand side of the economy; and c) factors affecting processes of … 'unemployment' and 'poverty' traps, geographical mobility of residence and employment pay discrimination, the 'discouraged worker …

For the first time, nationally representative data on women's employment histories are used to study the gap between … characteristics (such as education, work experience, and time spent out of employment by women), and a gap attributable to gender … discrimination. Using data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, we find that women's wages would be between 20 and 25 …