This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

for identifiable subgroups of students. Children of parents whose choices revealed a strong preference for academic … children of parents who forfeit the most in terms of utility gains from proximity and racial match to choose a school with … quality experienced significant gains in test scores as a result of attending their chosen school, while children whose …

the variance in knowledge does indeed rise as children progress through school, but not enough for test score …

Students receive abundant information about their educational performance, but how this information affects future …-mandated standardized tests. On these tests, students receive a score and a label that summarizes their performance. Using a regression …-discontinuity design, we find persistent effects of earning a more positive label on the college-going decisions of urban, low-income …

submitted by teachers. We compared the performance of classrooms of elementary students in Los Angeles randomly assigned to … teacher impacts on student achievement. We found that students randomly assigned to highly-rated applicants performed better … than students assigned to comparison teachers, while students assigned to poorly-rated applicants performed worse …