. We show that corruption opportunities are lower under centralization at each period of time. However, centralization … makes more difficult for citizens to detect corrupt incumbents. Thus, corruption is easier under centralization for low …

’s corruption levels. Examining a large sample of countries covering a 20-year long period, we found robust empirical support for … the fact that increases in import openness do indeed cause reductions in corruption, a crucial aspect of governance. The … corruption is close to one third of that exercised by the level of development. Some cautious policy conclusions are derived. …

and applications include political groups, ethnicities, agents motivated by the work in the public sector and corruption … that patronage may be strictly positive in both of them. We also apply the second setting to the case of corruption. …

We study the emergence and interaction of red tape and corruption in a principal-bureaucrat-agent hierarchy. The … the social optimum if the bureaucrat in charge of red tape is corrupt. We consider two types of corruption. First, the … bribes to conceal the information produced through red tape. The former kind of corruption tends to reduce red tape, while …

enforcers - on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions such as corruption, manager-auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is …

and decreasing in officials' corruption. In contrast to the "tollbooth view" of regulation, the standard chosen by a self …-interested government is a non-monotonic function of officials' corruption, and can be either lower or higher than that chosen by a …-capita income, and negatively with corruption, consistently with the model's predictions for benevolent governments …

proposal to legalize paying bribes while increasing fines on accepting bribes. We explore performance as regards corruption … enforcement agencies, and discuss the relevance for fighting other forms of corruption. …

This paper investigates the effect of corruption on competition in government procurement auctions. Our assumption is … corruption is to facilitate collusion in price between firms. This can result in high public spending and inefficient allocation … which unilateral anti-corruption controls may restore price competition. …