Many utility markets are now being opened to competition, and some regulators have expressed the hope that this will … level of its costs. This is likely to be the case in the UK's energy industries, but competition may be able to replace …

. Competition from venture capitalists increases corporate venturing activity, the salaries of potential entrepreneurs, and total …

This paper analyses the impact of competition among downstream firms on an upstream firm's payoff and on its incentive … to vertically integrate when firms on both segments negotiate optimal contracts. We argue that tougher competition … firm is better off encouraging competition when the downstream firms have high bargaining power. We derive implications on …

Starting in 1998, the electricity market in England and Wales will be opened up to full competition, and all consumers … transactions costs exceeding £100 million a year for the first five years. Relative to a counterfactual without competition, there …