European Union countries have implemented widespread reforms to product markets in order to stimulate competition … (SMP) were associated with increased product market competition, as measured by a reduction in average profitability, and …

. Competition from venture capitalists increases corporate venturing activity, the salaries of potential entrepreneurs, and total …

This paper analyses the impact of competition among downstream firms on an upstream firm's payoff and on its incentive … to vertically integrate when firms on both segments negotiate optimal contracts. We argue that tougher competition … firm is better off encouraging competition when the downstream firms have high bargaining power. We derive implications on …

We analyze the impact of product market competition on unemployment and wages, and how this depends on labour market … competition. We find that increased product market competition reduces unemployment, and that it does so more in countries with …. We also find that the effect of increased competition on real wages is beneficial to workers, but less so when they have …