Foreign exchange reserve accumulation has risen dramatically in recent years. The introduction of the euro, greater … currencies. Making various assumptions on expected currency returns and the variance-covariance structure, we assess how the euro …-free) currency. (ii) The optimum portfolios show a much lower weight for the euro than is observed. This suggests that the euro may …

This Paper analyses the issues raised by EMU for the relationships between the Euro area and the international … financial system. The depreciation of the Euro exchange rate since the beginning of EMU has attracted most attention. The Paper … authorities should take a more active policy stance. The Paper assesses the role of the Euro as an international currency and the …

This Paper considers how the European Union, and more specifically the euro area, can contribute to international … internal stability in the euro area and has promoted a dynamic development of capital markets. But in some respects, monetary … positions on exchange-rate policy, the international financial architecture, and the euro as an international currency. …