the world copper market, from at least 1991 until earlier this year. This manipulation has concentrated attention on the … manipulation is not illegal under UK financial services regulation, but that in any case, deterrence is better than prosecution …

the United States, is that the heavy regulation of Europe reduces its growth. Using newly assembled data on regulation in … several sectors of many OECD countries, we provide substantial and robust evidence that various measures of regulation in the …

In this paper, we investigate the design and implementation of financial regulation where market failures are created … imperfect information, should be supplemented by financial regulation. We focus on two regulatory tools: direct penalties and …-regulatory organizations have adequate incentives to implement regulation. We find that such incentives do exist when firms have sufficient …