employment. We pay special attention to Spain, a country that has experienced a high persistent unemployment rate, and show that …

Between 1850 and 2000, Spain’s real income increased by about 40-fold, at an average rate of 2.5 percent. The sources … European Union Spain has experienced a dramatic productivity slowdown. …

the English economy to international trade. This paper explores whether and how the relationship was different for Spain …

Agreements are progressively implemented, is projected to have a significant impact on trade flows with Spain, as exports and … probably respond to the relative factor endowments underlying current trade patterns. Spain is likely to increase its exports … take place.The evolution of trade flows will, of course, be contingent upon developments in FDI. Most FDI in Spain in …

This paper investigates the determinants of trends in Spain's industrial exports to other Community countries by using … influence of advertising expenditure and, to a lesser extent, technological effort on Spain's industrial export performance. …

, economies of scale, and have been heavily protected from international competition in Portugal and Spain. The `costs of non …

financial market. Banking in Spain has undergone a strong liberalization process in the last fifteen years, which has …

describes the strengths and weaknesses of Spain’s recent long growth cycle, the real and financial imbalances accumulated … pressure, partly initiated by unjustified catastrophic expectations about Spain, provides an opportunity for accelerating the …