organizational structure and technology of rival banks in the vicinity influence local banking competition. …Recent theoretical models argue that a bank’s organizational structure reflects its lending technology. A …. We investigate theoretically and empirically how bank organization shapes banking competition. Our theoretical model …

We measure the impact of a drastic new technology for producing steel, the minimill, on the aggregate productivity of U …'s productivity is linked to this new technology, and operates through two distinct mechanisms. First, minimills displaced the older … technology, called vertically integrated production, and this reallocation of output was responsible for a third of the increase …

do not, in the case of indirect network effects, make standardization more likely, but (ii) indirect network effects are … associated with excessive standardization. We show in Clements’ framework that neither of these results are correct …: standardization is more likely as the number of software firms increases and when the type of market equilibrium is unique— there are …

law matures. Contract standardization avoids this cost, statically improving enforcement; but it crowds out innovative …

standardization, that is, left alone the market may fail to achieve standardization when it is socially desirable and (2) even if the …

), we find (a) a negative relationship between the extent to which an SSO is oriented to technology sponsors and the …

technology (like R&D). Technologies can account for up to a quarter of the growth in demand for the college educated in the …

differences, unobserved region-industry factor quality differences and variation in production technology across industries. We … findings, including multiple cones of diversification, region-industry technology differences, agglomeration, and increasing …

relationship between technology intensity and vertical integration from a simple incomplete contracts model. Then, we investigate … these predictions using plant-level data for the UK manufacturing sector. Most importantly, and consistent with theory, we … find that the technology intensities of downstream (producer) and upstream (supplier) industries have opposite effects on …

computerization instead of R&D as a measure of technology; (iv) in the Anglo-Saxon countries a maximum of one-third of the aggregate …