product competition tends to increase the relative profitability of innovation for sale relative to entry. Increased … competition reduces entrants' and acquirers' profits in a similar fashion, but also reduces the profit of non-acquirers. Therefore …, incumbents' valuations of innovations are less negatively affected by increased competition than entrants' profits. This, in turn …

This Paper introduces optimal competition: the best form of competition in an industry that a competition authority can … competition outcome in an industry becomes more competitive as more money is spent in the industry, as the competition authority … puts less weight on producer surplus and more weight on employment. The relation between competition and entry costs is U …

least as much variety. Hence, in the situation considered here, monopoly tends to increase welfare. …

diversity, competition and transparency, and larger private contributions through income-contingent student loans. In the … process we discuss the nature of an institution of higher education, grade inflation, fair competition, private and social …

. The effect of increased global competition on prices is much less clear. While it yields a price reduction under monopoly … market performance under monopoly versus oligopoly. If consumers have to choose once where to shop we show that under all … forms of organizing the local market, increased competition from the global market will crowd out variety in the local one …