The Great Leap Forward (GLF) disaster, characterized by a collapse of grain output, and the associated famine in China … industrialization. Consequently, it diverted massive amounts of agricultural resources to industry and imposed excessive grain …

The majority of enterprises in China are controlled by local governments at the provincial, city, county, township and … fiscal competition under (foreign) capital mobility may be effective in hardening enterprises' budget constraints … lower-level governments of townships and villages in China. …

to account for in existing models of industrialization. By construction, closed-economy models that stress the role of …

show that elites are unlikely to block development when there is a high degree of political competition, or when they are … highly entrenched. It is only when political competition is limited and also their power is threatened that elites will block …

phase, aristocratic political systems prevail, while democracies tend to emerge with industrialization. At the same time the …

This paper builds a model of growth through industrialization, as machines replace workers in a growing number of tasks … unboundedly. The mechanism that drives growth is the feedback between industrialization and wages. High wages are incentives to … use machines and industrialize, while industrialization raises wages. The model shows that industrialization and growth …

-industrial economies. The hump-shaped relationship between industrialization (measured by employment or output shares) and incomes has … shifted downwards and moved closer to the origin. This means countries are running out of industrialization opportunities …