employment. We pay special attention to Spain, a country that has experienced a high persistent unemployment rate, and show that …We study the evolution of sectoral employment and labour cost in 11 European countries over the last two decades. Our … countries and industries in employment growth, whereas country-specific effects are more important in the analysis of labour …

describes the strengths and weaknesses of Spain’s recent long growth cycle, the real and financial imbalances accumulated … pressure, partly initiated by unjustified catastrophic expectations about Spain, provides an opportunity for accelerating the …

-market allocation of resources and allowed Spain to accelerating growth and catching up with Western Europe. Without the 1959 Plan, per …

Between 1850 and 2000, Spain’s real income increased by about 40-fold, at an average rate of 2.5 percent. The sources … European Union Spain has experienced a dramatic productivity slowdown. …

Agreements are progressively implemented, is projected to have a significant impact on trade flows with Spain, as exports and … probably respond to the relative factor endowments underlying current trade patterns. Spain is likely to increase its exports … take place.The evolution of trade flows will, of course, be contingent upon developments in FDI. Most FDI in Spain in …

This paper investigates the determinants of trends in Spain's industrial exports to other Community countries by using … influence of advertising expenditure and, to a lesser extent, technological effort on Spain's industrial export performance. …

honour his debts four times during his reign. In this paper, we reassess the fiscal position of Habsburg Spain. New archival … make the king's debt sustainable for most of his reign. Spain's debt burden was manageable up to the 1580s, and its fiscal … functions, and show that Spain under the Habsburgs was at least as "responsible" as the US in the 20th century or as Britain in …

, economies of scale, and have been heavily protected from international competition in Portugal and Spain. The `costs of non …

the English economy to international trade. This paper explores whether and how the relationship was different for Spain …