sectors (inter-sectoral spillovers), or at the international level. We find that innovation is strongly driven by knowledge … spillovers, especially those occurring at the national level. Wind and solar technologies exhibit distinct innovation … only influential in the case of wind technology. We also find evidence that public R&D stimulates innovation, particularly …

more important for small-firm innovation than for their larger counterparts. …

environmental regulations can spur more rapid innovation. I present a general framework for the analysis of these questions. I …

Soviet Republics of Russia and Ukraine. Exploiting annual manufacturing census data from 1985 to 2000, we find that Soviet … reforming Russia than in ‘gradualist’ Ukraine, as did the estimated effects of privatization and competitive pressures from …

This Paper documents and analyses gross job flows and their determinants in Ukraine using a unique dataset of more than … connection with other evidence we infer from this that Ukraine is only at the beginning of the restructuring process. The most …

Ukraine. Whether this divide was caused by purely ethnic differences or by ethnically segregated reform preferences is unknown …

employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … and find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460m and 580m U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine’s GDP in 2003). …

We model technological and financial innovation as reflecting the decisions of profit maximizing agents and explore the … also engage in the costly, risky, and potentially profitable process of innovation: Financiers can invent more effective …. Consequently, technological innovation and, thus, economic growth stop unless financiers continually innovate. Historical …

pursuits of firms and their employees. Using patents and citations as proxies for innovation and a time-varying index of labor … laws, we find that innovation is fostered by stringent labor laws, especially by laws governing dismissal of employees. We … exploit staggered country-level law changes. We also find that stringent labor laws disproportionately influence innovation in …