produced at least one major innovation at any time in the United Kingdom from 1945–82. Both datasets yield the same conclusion …

, innovation and economic growth. We provide empirical evidence that the reforms carried out under the EU Single Market Programme … with a subsequent increase in innovation intensity and productivity growth for manufacturing sectors. In our analysis we … reforms on average profitability, and the effects of profitability on innovation and productivity growth. …

intervention, affecting the expected profitability of innovation, may both thwart the incentives to undertake research (average … deterrence) and guide the use to which innovation is put (marginal deterrence). We show that public intervention should become …

that influence innovation by firms and their subsequent growth. Our data come from a survey of nearly 4,000 firms in 24 … and opportunities for innovation, virtually every firm that emerged from central planning was maladapted to the new … competition in market economies. We find evidence of the importance of a minimum of rivalry in both innovation and growth: the …

efficiency; provides further insight into why Open Source Software is a successful model of innovation and development in digital …

time. Otherwise, it will gradually reduce its innovation effort over time and ultimately terminate production. Productivity …

By choosing their organizations, firms trade-off productive efficiency and time spent in implementing innovation. We …