situation poses to price stability. We propose to regard the central banker as a risk manager who aims to contain inflation …

We use evidence from the term structure of inflation expectations implicit in the nominal yields and survey forecasts … of inflation to address the question of whether or not monetary policy is effective. We construct a model that …-neutral, subjective, and objective probability measures. We extract private sector expectations of inflation from this model and establish …

stable rates of inflation in many countries. Consequently, the main goal of this Paper is to offer an overview of the main … policy issues arising in a low inflation environment and their practical relevance so as to identify the main challenges … nominal wage or price rigidities? What does the low inflation environment imply about the relative importance and effects of …

model, covering a panel of EU countries, and derives the implied long-run inflation-unemployment tradeoff. Our results …

competitiveness. A formal theory of inflation in the euro-zone based on an open-economy version of the New Keynesian model is used to … shown that, in effect, this is an inflation tax, requiring high inflation countries to make transfers to low inflation …

inflation and a permanent reduction in the level of unemployment. In short, we derive a microfounded long-run downward …

It is often argued that the EMS is an effective disciplinary device for inflation-prone countries in the EEC, since it …-makers in high-inflation countries: the reason is that not only it attaches an extra penalty to inflation (in terms of … inflationary finance, we find that they will always prefer EMS membership. When the policy-maker needs revenue from the inflation …

at containing inflation and the deviation of output from potential within pre-specified bounds. We develop formal tools … this loss function under weak assumptions may be estimated from realizations for inflation and output gap data even in the … parameters with respect to the inflation and output objectives during the Greenspan period. We formally test for and reject the …