, broadly defined (e.g., attitudes toward science and technology, new versus old ideas, change, risk taking, personal agency …

and economic lines. History offers many examples of the recurring tensions between science and organized religion, but as …, unimpeded science, a passive Church and high levels of taxes and transfers. Second, a "Theocratic" regime with knowledge …

from science and engineering relative to other fields. I find that the higher relative exit rate is driven by engineering … rather than science, and show that 60% of the gap can be explained by the relatively greater exit rate from engineering of …

describes the strengths and weaknesses of Spain’s recent long growth cycle, the real and financial imbalances accumulated … pressure, partly initiated by unjustified catastrophic expectations about Spain, provides an opportunity for accelerating the …

-market allocation of resources and allowed Spain to accelerating growth and catching up with Western Europe. Without the 1959 Plan, per …

employment. We pay special attention to Spain, a country that has experienced a high persistent unemployment rate, and show that …

Between 1850 and 2000, Spain’s real income increased by about 40-fold, at an average rate of 2.5 percent. The sources … European Union Spain has experienced a dramatic productivity slowdown. …

Agreements are progressively implemented, is projected to have a significant impact on trade flows with Spain, as exports and … probably respond to the relative factor endowments underlying current trade patterns. Spain is likely to increase its exports … take place.The evolution of trade flows will, of course, be contingent upon developments in FDI. Most FDI in Spain in …