This paper examines the role of the burden of proof (BoP) in National Treatment (NT) disputes under trade agreements … know the motives for policies that are allegedly pursued to protect the environment, but that also give commercial …

This paper builds a two-country (North, South), two-sector (polluting, nonpolluting) trade model with directed … produced with a clean and a dirty input. I show that a temporary Northern policy combining clean research subsidies and a trade … tax can ensure sustainable growth but Northern carbon taxes alone cannot. Trade and directed technical change accelerate …

world-wide SO2 emissions and estimate the impact of trade on emissions. Contrarily to concerns raised by environmentalists … reduction in emissions. A second exercise comparing the actual trade situation with an autarky benchmark estimates that trade …

dynamic, heterogeneous firms model we show that: (i) investment and entry into export markets is reduced when trade policy is …We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that policy uncertainty can significantly affect firm level investment … and entry decisions in the context of international trade. When market entry costs are sunk, policy uncertainty can create …

TA when the trading environment is more uncertain. As exogenous trade costs decline, the gains from decreasing trade …In this paper we explore the potential gains that a trade agreement (TA) can provide by regulating trade …-policy uncertainty, in addition to the more standard gains from reducing the mean levels of trade barriers. We show that in a standard …

This paper emphasizes the relevance of classical transition dynamics for trade policy, particularly for developing … to trade policy reforms. The paper employs a simple growth model to examine these effects, formally developing the …

International agreements increasingly constrain the ability of governments to use trade policies whereas few … constraints apply to the use of investment policies. Using a model in which a local and a foreign firm compete in the domestic … the domestic government is constrained in its ability to use trade policy, but is free to set its FDI policy. We find that …

's assets are sold at an auction. The model suggests that low greenfield costs and low trade costs induce foreign acquisitions …

The National Treatment clause (NT) is the first-line defence in the GATT (and in most other trade agreements) against …. Furthermore, it requires a high degree of economic sophistication on behalf of trade negotiators in order for this beneficial …