countries with low inflation, the raw relationship between average inflation and the growth rate of money is tenuous at best … elasticities implied by theories of Baumol-Tobin and Miller-Orr. Finally, the sample after 1990 shows considerably less inflation … variability, worsening the fit of a one-for-one relationship between money growth and inflation, and generates a fairly low …

much sharper rise in inflation than measured by the official price indices, whose quality was called into question. In this … determinants. Since these data do not rely on official inflation statistics, they provide an independent check for the latter. We … not recorded by official inflation statistics. We do not find evidence in support of this hypothesis. …

consumption velocity very closely during the high-inflation years. …

situation poses to price stability. We propose to regard the central banker as a risk manager who aims to contain inflation …

the elasticity is very small for interest rates below 5% suggests that the welfare costs of inflation are small. We also …