This paper examines the role of liability for past environmental contamination in the privatization processes of … Central and Eastern Europe. The theoretical section establishes a link between a risk-averse investor’s amount of information … faces less risk; therefore, the investor’s risk premium falls and the investor’s bid rises. This link generates four …

) differences in the liability of the lender and the borrower for losses; and (ii) differences in the information available to the …

pharmaceuticals, specifically drug reformulation regulatory gaming. …

pharmaceuticals. We challenge this orthodox view and show, to the contrary, that the pace of innovation often is faster in a world …

the hypothesis that innovation in pharmaceuticals is becoming more difficult and expensive over time, as costs of …

creating an internal market for pharmaceuticals can be analysed. In a model of third-degree price discrimination, arbitrage … Market in pharmaceuticals are ambiguous, since a movement from segmented and price-controlled markets towards integrated …

risk, then a monpolist would have more difficulty extracting surplus with a preventive than with a treatment because … treatment consumers, having contracted the disease, no longer differ in disease risk. We show that the ratio of preventive to …. Calibrations for HIV and heart attacks based on risk factors in the U.S. population suggest that the distribution of disease risk …