) bilateral trade openness reduces bilateral cultural distance; (ii) the more differentiated the products, the more trade reduces … cultural distance; (iii) trade openness has a lock-in effect on culture. Third, we test the model using an instrumental … bilateral trade openness translates into a 43% standard deviation decrease in bilateral cultural distance. …

inefficiency and stresses a need for institutional adjustments. We show that cooperation by water trade and the introduction of …

the period 1975-2005. In particular, it tests a) whether increases in trade lead to rising inequalities, b) whether these … inequalities recede in time, and c) whether increases in global trade affect the developed and developing worlds differently. Using … static and dynamic panel data analysis, it is found that while increases in trade per se do not lead to greater territorial …

-driven and the decision to serve foreign countries via exports or FDI depends on a proximity-concentration trade-off. We … characterize the joint patterns of trade and FDI when countries differ in income distribution and size and show that FDI is more …

borderline case. Finally, we apply our setting to trade theory and uncover several new properties hindered by the CES, such as …

In this paper, we study the impact of transnational terrorism diffusion on security and trade. We set up a simple … trade. The idea is that security measures, which impede trade, are directed both against the source country of terror and … find (1) a direct negative impact of transnational terrorism on trade; (2) an indirect negative impact emanating from …

This paper fits a gravity model to the trade of 76 market economies. It then applies the model to data on East European … mutual trade and trade with developing countries, but it will increase trade with industrial counties by factors of three to … thirty. West Germany and the USA are the principal beneficiaries of this new trade, increasing their exports and imports by …

The effects of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI have gone understudied. We employ panel data reported by OECD … trade (i.e., enhancing exports) in developing nations. …