This paper provides a critical survey of the methods employed to model the effects of risk in econometric models. Most of the popular methods are shown to suffer from errors-in-variables bias, and an instrumental variable method is suggested to overcome this problem. The technique exploits the...

The paper begins with the question of whether Leamer's Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA) really does "Take the Con Out of Econometrics" By analytically demonstrating that the extreme bounds are simply functions of the F-statistic for the deletion of variables from a regression, we conclude that the...