geographic proximity is a key determinant of competition, and English public hospitals where political competition can be used to … construct instrumental variables for market structure. Since almost all major English hospitals are government run, closing … hospitals in areas where the governing party has a small majority is rare due to fear of electoral punishment. We find that …

between hospitals. Patients were given choice of location for hospital care and provided information on the quality and … approximately 68,000 discharges per year per hospital from 160 hospitals. We find that the effect of competition is to save lives … without raising costs. Patients discharged from hospitals located in markets where competition was more feasible were less …

This study investigates hospitals’ dynamic incentives to select patients when hospitals are remunerated according to a … spiral of prices is possible which induces hospitals to focus on low-severity cases. For high altruism, dynamic price …

This paper studies the impact of hospital competition on waiting times. We use a Salop-type model, with hospitals that … between neighbouring hospitals (competitive segment), and low-benefit patients who decide whether or not to demand treatment …