transportation costs across countries and industries, the Paper first provides estimates of ‘border effects’ among EU countries. The …

trade barriers for manufacturing industries in European Union countries between 1999 and 2003. We find a large degree of … trade cost heterogeneity across industries. The most important trade barriers are transportation costs and policy factors …

industries, we show that, after correction for simultaneity bias -- though not before -- the price of oil has large negative …

applied to a broad class of assignment models. The results indicate that industries are the loci of sorting - more productive … workers are employed in more productive industries. The evidence confirms assortative matching can be present even when worker …

enterprises for the period 1998 through 2007 to test for complementarity between competition and industrial policy. A main … competition-friendly and therefore more growth-enhancing. …

to pay more for exclusivity, the higher the demand (the lower the cost), that is precisely when competition yields the …

Starting in 1998, the electricity market in England and Wales will be opened up to full competition, and all consumers … transactions costs exceeding £100 million a year for the first five years. Relative to a counterfactual without competition, there …

We assess the influence of competition and capital regulation on the stability of the banking system. We particularly … show that competition improves the monitoring incentives of better quality banks and deteriorates the incentives of lower … quality banks; and that precisely for those lower quality banks competition typically compromises the effectiveness of capital …

; corporate governance; market structures and competition; and financial constraints. We conclude that private ownership and …