and benefit receipt amongst individuals who began claiming a Jobcentre Plus benefit in 2003. In contrast to much of the … extrapolations. Two groups for which it was possible to calculate reasonably reliable results are incapacity benefit (IB) and income …

) it is optimal for each landowner to voluntarily buy protection even if this results in a worse equilibrium for the … based on the fact that protection involves an externality because by buying protection each landowner deflects thieves on … others’ properties. Because of the externality, for each landlord protection is more valuable if they are one of the few to …

The paper investigates a model of "exchange rate protection" by two countries. Either or both countries may protect … their tradable sectors by maintaining undervalued exchange rates. The mechanism of protection considered involves a country … more general case countries may wish to adopt "negative exchange rate protection". The simple model may throw light on the …

trade protection. The index is a general equilibrium application of the distance function and answers the question: `What …

We examine a stark setting in which security or protection can be provided by self-governing groups of by for … tragedy of coercion: all the savings from the provision of collective protection are dissipated and welfare can be as low or …

the optimum subsidy is highly sensitive to cost and entry conditions; asymmetric information may produce perverse cost …

. Theoretical analyses often conclude that protection leads to quality upgrading (downgrading) of imports (domestic production … goods, we find that protection enables domestic producers to increase their share of the higher quality market segment. We …