optimal nonlinear tariff to estimate how demand and cost variables affect the pricing strategies offered by incumbent …: marginal costs, average price sensitivity of demand, indexing parameters governing the distribution of the two-dimensional type …

in situations requiring mutual trust. Potential trustees in a trust game made video clips for viewing by potential …

debate: What are energy price shocks and where do they come from? How responsive is energy demand to changes in energy prices … differentiate between the effects of demand and supply shocks in energy markets, when answering these questions. …

the elasticity of innovation, as measured by the number of new chemical entities appearing on the market for a given … additional new chemical entity. An elasticity substantially and significantly below one-half is also a plausible implication of …

This paper provides evidence that learning about demand is an important driver of firms' dynamics. We present a simple … model with Bayesian learning in which firms are uncertain about their idiosyncratic demand parameter in each of the markets … their beliefs following a new demand shock, the younger they are. To test this learning mechanism, we make use of a specific …

between mid-2003 and mid-2008 was driven by repeated positive shocks to the demand for all industrial commodities, reflecting … different econometric methodology. Rather than inferring demand shocks from an econometric model, we utilize a direct measure of … global demand shocks based on revisions of professional real GDP growth forecasts. We show that recent forecast surprises …

-shock specification, we identify, using sign restrictions, two non-policy shocks, demand and supply, and two policy shocks, monetary and … fiscal. We obtain the following results. (ii) Both supply and demand shocks are important sources of fluctuations; supply … prevails for GDP, while demand prevails for employment and inflation. (ii) Policy matters: Both monetary and fiscal policy …