the elasticity of innovation, as measured by the number of new chemical entities appearing on the market for a given … additional new chemical entity. An elasticity substantially and significantly below one-half is also a plausible implication of …

foreign and domestic competition, the consequences of soft budgets, and the role of managerial incentives and managerial human …

government regulation may reduce transaction costs, intensifying the competition associated with a given market structure, and we …

Using a new data set of the telecommunications sector on privatization (1981-98 for 167 countries) and competition …

We investigate the effect of competition on quality in regulated markets (e.g., health care, higher education, public … drops to the minimum level in steady state, implying that quality competition is effectively eliminated. In this case …, static models tend to exaggerate the positive effect of competition on quality. Our results can explain the mixed empirical …

competition is shown to have a stimulating effect on growth. Indeed, by reducing the amount of slack a manager can afford while … keeping his firm alive, competition, combined with the threat of liquidation acts as a disciplinary device which fosters … this growth-enhancing effect of competition. …

competition is less intense, but perform substantially worse (are less likely to be admitted) when applying to very selective …

Payer-driven competition has been widely advocated as a means of increasing efficiency in health care markets. The 1990 …s reforms to the UK health service followed this path. We examine whether competition led to better outcomes for … patients, as measured by death rates after treatment following heart attacks. We exploit differences in competition over time …