We examine the relationship between education and mortality in a young population of Italian males. In 1981 several … schooling or lower mortality rates, thus excluding that the main findings reflect direct effects of military service on … subsequent mortality rather than a causal effect of schooling. We conclude that increasing the proportion of high school …

undesirable behavior. Parents want the best for their children. Still, they weigh the marginal gains from socializing their …Societies socialize children about sex. This is done in the presence of peer-group effects, which may encourage … children against its costs. Churches and states may stigmatize sex, both because of a concern about the welfare of their flocks …

survey data, we assess six possible explanations for this upsurge in mortality. Most find little support in the data: the … deterioration of the health care system, changes in diet and obesity, and material deprivation fail to explain the increase in … mortality rates. The two factors that do appear to be important are alcohol consumption, especially as it relates to external …

all result from individual decisions. Parents face a trade-off between the number of children they have and the spending … they can afford on each of them in childhood. These childhood development spending will determine children longevity when … adults. It is in this sense that we refer to Wordsworth’s aphorism that "The Child is Father of the Man." Parents face a …

better health care implies that mortality could be the source of a poverty trap. In our regressions, adult mortality explains …Analyzing a variety of cross-national and sub-national data, we argue that high adult mortality reduces economic growth … by shortening time horizons. Higher adult mortality is associated with increased levels of risky behaviour, higher …

inequality leads to more or less group participation. Using survey data from rural Tanzania we find that inequality at the …

Payer-driven competition has been widely advocated as a means of increasing efficiency in health care markets. The 1990 …s reforms to the UK health service followed this path. We examine whether competition led to better outcomes for … and space to identify the impact of competition. Using data on mortality as a measure of hospital quality and exploiting …

cardiovascular disorders among eligible workers, suggesting that changes in health-related behavior explain increased mortality among …We estimate the causal effect of early retirement on mortality for blue-collar workers. To overcome the problem of …

opening to private provision affected mortality rates – an important and not easily contractible quality dimension – using a … competition significantly improved non-contractible quality as measured by mortality rates. It also reduced the cost per resident …