How much of China’s recent economic performance can be attributed to market-oriented reforms introduced in the last two … Paper compares the integration of rice markets in China today and 270 years ago. In the 18th century, transport technology … pattern of interregional income in China is strongly linked to persistent geographic factors that were already apparent …

period 1983-2009. We experiment with inter-country links that distinguish bilateral trade, portfolio investment, foreign … bilateral trade and inward foreign direct investment or outward banking claim exposures in a GVAR fits the data better than … using trade weights only. We use sign restrictions on the short-run impulse responses to financial shocks that have the …

income risk even though the variability of output may increase. We believe that lower trade barriers may not have played a … dominant causal role during this decade because the effect of lower trade barriers has probably already played itself out. We …

effects on borrowers and lenders, sectoral employment and output, international trade in financial services, the balance of …

was expected to bring about a severe contraction of intra-group trade, coupled with large imbalances in trade between … Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The observed trade collapse in 1991 was exacerbated by deep domestic recession and … political unrest in the region. To alleviate the costs of transition and to preserve existing trade links in Eastern Europe, the …