, economies of scale, and have been heavily protected from international competition in Portugal and Spain. The `costs of non …This paper uses a formal model of imperfect competition to determine the effects on eight industries of EC enlargement …

honour his debts four times during his reign. In this paper, we reassess the fiscal position of Habsburg Spain. New archival … make the king's debt sustainable for most of his reign. Spain's debt burden was manageable up to the 1580s, and its fiscal … functions, and show that Spain under the Habsburgs was at least as "responsible" as the US in the 20th century or as Britain in …

-quality competition between the two providers. We show that the principle of maximum product differentiation does not hold in our model, i ….e. the risky seller does not choose the minimum quality level in order to relax price competition …

doing, we ignore fixed costs and show that it is imperfect competition more than increasing returns that matters for the …

positions by adapting models of competition with differentiated products. Our model is consistent with the central strategy … competition and value capture. …

Using two standard location models, we investigate price competition and divergence from optimal product … store. Negative network effects tend to lessen competition and increase prices whereas positive network effects (bandwagon … effects) make competition fiercer and lead to lower prices. Furthermore, in the duopoly case, an increase in total population …

This paper analyses the consequences for the standard import allocation models of assuming monopolistic competition on …

competition we show that trade may reduce welfare compared to autarky, if firms produce sufficiently close substitutes and the …